II).įor many years Spengler lived quietly in his home in Munich. The Decline of the West was first published in this country in 1906 (Vol. The concluding volume, "Perspectives of World-History" ("Welthistorische Perspektiven"), was published in 1922. The second, extensively revised edition, from which the present translation was made, appeared in 1923. He chose his main title in 1912, finished the first draft of "Form and Actuality" ("Gestalt und Wirklichkeit") two years later, and published the volume in 1918. The Agadir crisis of 1911 provided the immediate incentive for his exhaustive investigations of the background and origins of our civilization. Except for his doctor's thesis on Heraclitus, he published nothing before the first volume of The Decline of the West, which appeared when he was thirty-eight. He studied mathematics, philosophy, and history at Munich and Berlin. Oswald Spengler was born in 1880 at Blankenburg, Germany.
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